韧性为金属在断裂前吸收变形能量的能力。金属的韧性通常随加载速度提高、温度降低、应力集中程度加剧而减小。常用的韧性判据为冲击吸收功、冲击韧度。常用的冲击试验方法有夏比(V型缺口)冲击试验、夏比(U型缺口)冲击试验、艾氏冲击试验等。

Toughness is the ability to absorb the energy of deformation before the fracture. The toughness of the metal decreases with the increase of the loading speed, the temperature and the concentration of the stress. The commonly used toughness criterion is impact absorption work and impact toughness. Impact test methods are commonly used (Charpy V notch impact test (U), Charpy Notch Impact Test), Izod impact test etc..

冲击吸收功：规定形状和尺寸的试样在冲击试验力一次作用下折断时所吸收的功。单位为J。

Impact absorption work: the shape and size of the specimen in the impact test force under a role in the absorption of the power. Unit for J.

冲击韧度：冲击试样缺口底部单位横截面积上的冲击吸收功。单位为J/cm2。

Impact toughness: impact absorption work on the unit cross-sectional area at the bottom of the impact specimen notch. Unit for J/cm2.

夏比(V型缺口)冲击试验：用规定高度的摆锤对处于简支梁状态的V型缺口试样进行一次性打击，测量试样折断时冲击吸收功的试验。此试验所测得的冲击吸收功用符号Akv表示。

Charpy impact test (V gap): the specified height of pendulum of the one-time blow to V notched specimens in beam state, test specimen is broken by the impact absorbing energy. The measured shock absorption function of this test is represented by the symbol Akv.

夏比(U型缺口)冲击试验：用规定高度的摆锤对处于简支梁状态的U型缺口试样进行一次性打击，测量试样折断时冲击吸收功的试验。此试验所测得的冲击吸收功用符号Aku表示。

Charpy impact test (U gap): the specified height of pendulum of the one-time blow to U notched specimens in beam state, test specimen is broken by the impact absorbing energy. The measured shock absorption function of this test is represented by the symbol Aku.

艾氏冲击试验：用规定高度的摆锤对处于悬臂梁状态的缺口试样进行一次性打击，测量试样折断时冲击吸收功的试验。

The impact test of the pendulum is used to strike the notched specimens of the cantilever beam with a prescribed height, and the test of impact absorbing power when the specimen is broken.

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