生铁、熟铁和钢的主要区别在于含碳量上，含碳量超过 2% 的铁，叫生铁；含碳量低于 0.04% 的铁，叫熟铁；含碳量在 0.05~2% 之间的铁，称为钢。其实，生铁是一种含碳量大于 2.11% 的铁碳合金。工业生铁的含碳量一般在 2.5%~4% 之间，并含有 Si 、 Mu 、 S 、 P 等元素，是用铁矿石经高炉冶炼的产品。生铁主要有如下两类。
The main difference is that the pig iron, wrought iron and steel carbon content, carbon content of more than 2% of iron is iron; carbon content of less than 0.04% of the iron, the carbon content in the name of wrought iron; 0.05~2% iron, called steel. In fact, pig iron is a kind of iron carbon alloy with carbon content greater than 2.11%. Carbon content of pig iron is generally between 2.5%~4%, Si, Mu, and contains S, P and other elements, is the use of iron ores in blast furnace smelting products. There are two main types of pig iron.
1、炼钢生铁 含硅量较低，一般不大于 1.75% 。 是平炉、转炉炼钢的主要原料，在生铁产量中占 80%~90% 。炼钢生铁硬而脆，铁和碳处于化合状态，以渗碳体形式存在，其断口呈银白色，所以也叫作白口铁。轧辊、梨铧铁等都是白口铁。

1, the pig iron containing silicon content is low, generally not greater than 1.75%. Is the main raw material, open hearth steelmaking, accounting for 80%~90% in pig iron production in. Pig iron is hard and brittle, iron and carbon are in a combined state, cementite exists, and its fracture surface is silvery white, so it is also called white iron. Roll, Li Hua iron is white iron.
2 、铸造生铁 含硅量很大，一般为 1.25%~3.6% 。由于熔点低、流动性好，常用来铸造各种铸件，故也叫铸铁。铸造生铁中的碳以石墨形式存在，其断口呈灰色，性软，易切削加工，所以也叫作灰铸铁。如床身、箱体、管道、管件及各种连接件等都是由铸造生铁制作。
2, casting pig iron contains a large amount of silicon, generally 1.25%~3.6%. Because of its low melting point and good fluidity, it is often used to cast various castings, so it is also called cast iron. The carbon in foundry pig iron is in graphite form, and its fracture surface is gray, soft and easy to cut, so it is also called gray iron. Such as the bed, box, pipe, pipe fittings and all kinds of connectors, etc., are made by casting pig iron.
熟铁又名纯铁，是含碳量低于 0.04% 的铁碳合金，含铁约 99.9% ，杂质总含量约 0.1 ％。纯铁的用途主要是作为电工材料，具有高的磁导率，可用于各种铁芯。纯铁还用作高级合金钢的原料。纯铁很少用作结构材料，这是由于它质地柔软，强度不高；另一方面，纯铁要求碳、磷、硫等杂质元素含量很低，其冶炼难度较大，制造成本远大于生铁和钢。
Also known as iron wrought iron, carbon content is less than 0.04% of the iron carbon alloy, iron containing about 99.9% of the total impurity content of about 0.1%. The use of pure iron is mainly used as electrical materials, with high permeability, can be used for a variety of iron core. Pure iron is also used as raw material for high-grade alloy steel. Pure iron is rarely used as a structural material, this is because of its soft texture, the intensity is not high; on the other hand, iron requirements of carbon, phosphorus and sulfur impurities content is very low, the smelting difficulty, the manufacturing cost is far greater than the iron and steel.
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