钢的机械性能的常用检验方法很多，常用的检验方法有以下几种：
A lot of common inspection method on the mechanical properties of the steel, commonly used inspection method has the following kinds:
　　1.拉力试验
1. The tensile test
　　（1）屈服点
(1) the yield point
　　在拉伸机的位力下，试样被位长，在开始时试样的伸长和拉力成正比，当拉力取消后试样仍收缩到原来尺寸，试样的这种变形叫做弹性变形。在拉力不断加大后试样继续被伸长，但外力取消后试样却不再收缩到原来长度，这种变形收叫做塑性变形。由弹性变形点转变为塑性变形的时候，叫做屈服点，其代表符号是σb，单位是MPa或N/平方毫米。
Under drawing machine of a force, the sample was a long, in the beginning is directly proportional to the specimen elongation and tension, when pulling force to cancel after the sample is still contracting to its original size, sample of this deformation is called elastic deformation. In the tension of the samples after the widening of continues elongation, but no longer samples after the external force to cancel contract to its original length, the deformation is called plastic deformation. By the elastic deformation points into plastic deformation, is called the yield point, its representative symbol is sigma b, unit is the MPa or N/mm2.
　　（2）抗张强度
(2) the tensile strength
　　在上述试验中，当试样产生塑性变形后，拉力继续增大，试样最后被拉断。这时候的力就是抗张强度，其代表符号是σb，单位是MPa或N/平方毫米。
In the experiment, when the sample produce plastic deformation, strain continues to increase, the sample was finally pulled apart or cause drag mark. When the force is the tensile strength, its representative symbol is sigma b, unit is the MPa or N/mm2.
　　（3）延伸率
(3) the elongation
　　在上述试验中，在试验拉断以后，原定标距被位长后与原来标距的比叫做延伸率，其代表符号为τ，单位是%。
In the trial, after the test of tensile, due to the distance with the original standard after being a long distance than called elongation, its representative symbol of tau, unit is %.

　　（4）断面收缩率
(4) reduction of area
　　上述试样在拉断后，测量拉断后的断面颈缩与原来断面积的比，叫做断面收缩率，其代表符号为φ，单位为%。
After the sample after the snap, measurement of tensile section necking and broken area than the original, referred to as the reduction of area, its representative symbol for phi, unit is %.
　　2.弯曲试验
2. The bending test
　　将试样在热或冷的状态下进行弯曲，将钢材折弯90度或120度，检查钢材承受弯曲的能力，不同钢材对弯曲的角度和弯曲的直径有不同要求。
Will bend specimens under the conditions of hot or cold, the steel bent 90 degrees or 90 degrees, the ability to check the steel bending bear, different steel on the diameter of the bending Angle and bending have different requirements.
　　3.冲击试验
3. The impact test
　　测量钢材韧性的方法。将试样加工成规定形状，在试验机上有重锤摆动将试样冲断，叫做冲击功。
The measurement method of steel toughness. Sample processing into shape, in the sample testing machine with a heavy hammer swing thrust, called the impact energy.
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