热处理是利用加热和冷却以改变金属物理性质的方法。热处理能改善钢的显微结构,使达到所需的物理要求。韧性,硬度和耐磨性是通过热处理而获得的特性中的几种。要获得这些特性,需使用热处理中的淬硬,回火,退火和表面淬硬等操作。
Heat treatment is a method of changing the physical properties of metals by heating and cooling. Heat treatment can improve the microstructure of steel so as to meet the physical requirements. Toughness, hardness and wear resistance are obtained by heat treatment. To obtain these properties, heat treatment, such as hardening, tempering, annealing and surface hardening, are required.
淬硬又称淬火是将金属均匀地加热至适当温度,然后迅速浸入水或油中急冷,或在空气中或冷冻区中冷却,使金属获得所需要的硬度。
Quenching is also known as quenching is the uniform heating of the metal to the appropriate temperature, and then quickly immersed in water or oil in the cold, or in the air or cooling zone cooling, so that the metal required hardness.
回火-钢件淬硬后会变脆,同时由淬火急冷而引致的应力,可使钢件受到轻击而断裂。要消除脆性,可用回火处理法。回火就是将钢件重新加热至适当的温度或颜色,然后予以急冷。回火虽然使钢的硬度略为减少,但可增加钢的韧性而降低其脆性。
Tempering - hardened steel parts will become brittle, and the stress caused by quenching quenching, the steel parts by tapping and fracture. In order to eliminate the brittleness, the tempering process can be used. Tempering is to re heating the steel to the appropriate temperature or color, and then to be cold. Although the hardness of the steel is slightly reduced, the toughness of the steel is increased and the brittleness of the steel is reduced.
退火-退火是消除钢件的内在应力和勒化钢件的方法。退火法是将钢件加热至高于临界温度,然后放入干灰,石灰,石棉或封闭在炉内,令它慢慢冷却。
Annealing annealing is an effective method to eliminate the internal stress of steel parts and to. Annealing is to heat the steel to a higher than the critical temperature, and then put in dry ash, lime, asbestos or closed in the furnace, so that it slowly cooling.
硬度是材料抵抗外物刺入的一种能力。试验钢铁硬度的最普通方法是用锉刀在工件边缘上锉擦,由其表面所呈现的擦痕深浅以判定其硬度的高低。这种方法称为锉试法这种方法不太科学。用硬度试验器来试验极为准确,是现代试验硬度常用的方法。
Hardness is the ability of a material to resist foreign objects. The most common steel hardness test method is to use file on the edge file eraser, presented by the surface scratch depth to determine its hardness level. This method is called the test method is not very scientific. The hardness tester is very accurate, it is a common method of hardness test.

锻造是用锤击使金属成为一定形状<成型>的方法,当钢件加热达到锻造温度时,可以从事锻造,弯屈,抽拉,成型等操作。大多数钢材加热至鲜明樱红色时都很易锻造。能增加钢材硬度常用的方法是淬火。
Forging is the use of hammering to make the metal into a certain shape < < > >, when the steel parts to the forging temperature, can be engaged in forging, bending, drawing, forming and other operations. Most of the steel is very easy to forge when heated to bright cherry red. Can increase the hardness of steel commonly used method is quenching.
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